資料室 - 重要文書

ポツダム宣言

千九百四十五年七月二十六日
米、英、支三国宣言
（千九百四十五年七月二十六日「ポツダム」ニ於テ）
一、吾等合衆国大統領、中華民国政府主席及「グレート・ブリテン」国総理大臣ハ吾等ノ数億ノ国民ヲ代表シ協議ノ上日本国ニ対シ今次ノ戦争ヲ終結スルノ機会ヲ与フルコトニ意見一致セリ
二、合衆国、英帝国及中華民国ノ巨大ナル陸、海、空軍ハ西方ヨリ自国ノ陸軍及空軍ニ依ル数倍ノ増強ヲ受ケ日本国ニ対シ最後的打撃ヲ加フルノ態勢ヲ整ヘタリ右軍事力ハ日本国カ抵抗ヲ終止スルニ至ル迄同国ニ対シ戦争ヲ遂行スルノ一切ノ連合国ノ決意ニ依リ支持セラレ且鼓舞セラレ居ルモノナリ
三、蹶起セル世界ノ自由ナル人民ノ力ニ対スル「ドイツ」国ノ無益且無意義ナル抵抗ノ結果ハ日本国国民ニ対スル先例ヲ極メテ明白ニ示スモノナリ現在日本国ニ対シ集結シツツアル力ハ抵抗スル「ナチス」ニ対シ適用セラレタル場合ニ於テ全「ドイツ」国人民ノ土地、産業及生活様式ヲ必然的ニ荒廃ニ帰セシメタル力ニ比シ測リ知レサル程更ニ強大ナルモノナリ吾等ノ決意ニ支持セラルル吾等ノ軍事力ノ最高度ノ使用ハ日本国軍隊ノ不可避且完全ナル壊滅ヲ意味スヘク又同様必然的ニ日本国本土ノ完全ナル破壊ヲ意味スヘシ
四、無分別ナル打算ニ依リ日本帝国ヲ滅亡ノ淵ニ陥レタル我儘ナル軍国主義的助言者ニ依リ日本国カ引続キ統御セラルヘキカ又ハ理性ノ経路ヲ日本国カ履ムヘキカヲ日本国カ決意スヘキ時期ハ到来セリ
五、吾等ノ条件ハ左ノ如シ
吾等ハ右条件ヨリ離脱スルコトナカルヘシ右ニ代ル条件存在セス吾等ハ遅延ヲ認ムルヲ得ス
六、吾等ハ無責任ナル軍国主義カ世界ヨリ駆逐セラルルニ至ル迄ハ平和、安全及正義ノ新秩序カ生シ得サルコトヲ主張スルモノナルヲ以テ日本国国民ヲ欺瞞シ之ヲシテ世界征服ノ挙ニ出ツルノ過誤ヲ犯サシメタル者ノ権力及勢力ハ永久ニ除去セラレサルヘカラス
七、右ノ如キ新秩序カ建設セラレ且日本国ノ戦争遂行能力カ破砕セラレタルコトノ確証アルニ至ルマテハ聯合国ノ指定スヘキ日本国領域内ノ諸地点ハ吾等ノ茲ニ指示スル基本的目的ノ達成ヲ確保スルタメ占領セラルヘシ
八、「カイロ」宣言ノ条項ハ履行セラルヘク又日本国ノ主権ハ本州、北海道、九州及四国並ニ吾等ノ決定スル諸小島ニ局限セラルヘシ
九、日本国軍隊ハ完全ニ武装ヲ解除セラレタル後各自ノ家庭ニ復帰シ平和的且生産的ノ生活ヲ営ムノ機会ヲ得シメラルヘシ
十、吾等ハ日本人ヲ民族トシテ奴隷化セントシ又ハ国民トシテ滅亡セシメントスルノ意図ヲ有スルモノニ非サルモ吾等ノ俘虜ヲ虐待セル者ヲ含ム一切ノ戦争犯罪人ニ対シテハ厳重ナル処罰加ヘラルヘシ日本国政府ハ日本国国民ノ間ニ於ケル民主主義的傾向ノ復活強化ニ対スル一切ノ障礙ヲ除去スヘシ言論、宗教及思想ノ自由並ニ基本的人権ノ尊重ハ確立セラルヘシ
十一、日本国ハ其ノ経済ヲ支持シ且公正ナル実物賠償ノ取立ヲ可能ナラシムルカ如キ産業ヲ維持スルコトヲ許サルヘシ但シ日本国ヲシテ戦争ノ為再軍備ヲ為スコトヲ得シムルカ如キ産業ハ此ノ限ニ在ラス右目的ノ為原料ノ入手（其ノ支配トハ之ヲ区別ス）ヲ許可サルヘシ日本国ハ将来世界貿易関係ヘノ参加ヲ許サルヘシ
十二、前記諸目的カ達成セラレ且日本国国民ノ自由ニ表明セル意思ニ従ヒ平和的傾向ヲ有シ且責任アル政府カ樹立セラルルニ於テハ聯合国ノ占領軍ハ直ニ日本国ヨリ撤収セラルヘシ
十三、吾等ハ日本国政府カ直ニ全日本国軍隊ノ無条件降伏ヲ宣言シ且右行動ニ於ケル同政府ノ誠意ニ付適当且充分ナル保障ヲ提供センコトヲ同政府ニ対シ要求ス右以外ノ日本国ノ選択ハ迅速且完全ナル壊滅アルノミトス

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Potsdam Declaration

Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender
Issued, at Potsdam, July 26, 1945

1. We-the President of the United States, the President of the National Government of the Republic of China, and the Prime Minister of Great Britain, representing the hundreds of millions of our countrymen, have conferred and agree that Japan shall be given an opportunity to end this war.
2. The prodigious land, sea and air forces of the United States, the British Empire and of China, many times reinforced by their armies and air fleets from the west, are poised to strike the final blows upon Japan. This military power is sustained and inspired by the determination of all the Allied Nations to prosecute the war against Japan until she ceases to resist.
3. The result of the futile and senseless German resistance to the might of the aroused free peoples of the world stands forth in awful clarity as an example to the people of Japan. The might that now converges on Japan is immeasurably greater than that which, when applied to the resisting Nazis, necessarily laid waste to the lands, the industry and the method of life of the whole German people. The full application of our military power, backed by our resolve, will mean the inevitable and complete destruction of the Japanese armed forces and just as inevitably the utter devastation of the Japanese homeland.
4. The time has come for Japan to decide whether she will continue to be controlled by those self-willed militaristic advisers whose unintelligent calculations have brought the Empire of Japan to the threshold of annihilation, or whether she will follow the path of reason.
5. Following are our terms. We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives. We shall brook no delay.
6. There must be eliminated for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest, for we insist that a new order of peace, security and justice will be impossible until irresponsible militarism is driven from the world.
7. Until such a new order is established and until there is convincing proof that Japan's war-making power is destroyed, points in Japanese territory to be designated by the Allies shall be occupied to secure the achievement of the basic objectives we are here setting forth.
8. The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out and Japanese sovereignty shall be limited to the islands of Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and such minor islands as we determine.
9. The Japanese military forces, after being completely disarmed, shall be permitted to return to their homes with the opportunity to lead peaceful and productive lives.
10. We do not intend that the Japanese shall be enslaved as a race or destroyed as a nation, but stern justice shall be meted out to all war criminals, including those who have visited cruelties upon our prisoners. The Japanese Government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and strengthening of democratic tendencies among the Japanese people. Freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental human rights shall be established.
11. Japan shall be permitted to maintain such industries as will sustain her economy and permit the exaction of just reparations in kind, but not those which would enable her to re-arm for war. To this end, access to, as distinguished from control of, raw materials shall be permitted. Eventual Japanese participation in world trade relations shall be permitted.
12. The occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished and there has been established in accordance with the freely expressed will of the Japanese people a peacefully inclined and responsible government.
13. We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction.

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降伏文書

昭和二十年九月二日東京湾上ニ於テ署名

下名ハ茲ニ合衆国、中華民国及「グレート、ブリテン」国ノ政府ノ首班ガ千九百四十五年七月二十六日「ポツダム」ニ於テ発シ後ニ「ソヴィエト」社会主義共和国聯邦ガ参加シタル宣言ノ条項ヲ日本国天皇、日本国政府及日本帝国大本営ノ命ニ依リ且之ニ代リ受諾ス右四国ハ以下之ヲ聯合国ト称ス
下名ハ茲ニ日本帝国大本営並ニ何レノ位置ニ在ルヲ問ハズ一切ノ日本国軍隊及日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル一切ノ軍隊ノ聯合国ニ対スル無条件降伏ヲ布告ス
下名ハ茲ニ何レノ位置ニ在ルヲ問ハズ一切ノ日本国軍隊及日本国臣民ニ対シ敵対行為ヲ直ニ終止スルコト、一切ノ船舶、航空機並ニ軍用及非軍用財産ヲ保存シ之ガ毀損ヲ防止スルコト及聯合国最高令官又ハ其ノ指示ニ基キ日本国政府ノ諸機関ノ課スベキ一切ノ要求ニ応ズルコトヲ命ズ
下名ハ茲ニ日本帝国大本営ガ何レノ位置ニ在ルヲ問ハズ一切ノ日本国軍隊及日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル一切ノ軍隊ノ指揮官ニ対シ自身及其ノ支配下ニ在ル一切ノ軍隊ガ無条件ニ降伏スベキ旨ノ命令ヲ直ニ発スルコトヲ命ズ
下名ハ茲ニ一切ノ官庁、陸軍及海軍ノ職員ニ対シ聯合国最高司令官ガ本降伏実施ノ為適当ナリト認メテ自ラ発シ又ハ其ノ委任ニ基キ発セシムル一切ノ布告、命令及指示ヲ遵守シ且之ヲ施行スルコトヲ命ジ並ニ右職員ガ聯合国最高司令官ニ依リ又ハ其ノ委任ニ基キ特ニ任務ヲ解カレザル限リ各自ノ地位ニ留リ且引続キ各自ノ非戦闘的任務ヲ行フコトヲ命ズ
下名ハ茲ニ「ポツダム」宣言ノ条項ヲ誠実ニ履行スルコト並ニ右宣言ヲ実施スル為聯合国最高司令官又ハ其ノ他特定ノ聯合国代表者ガ要求スルコトアルベキ一切ノ命令ヲ発シ且斯ル一切ノ措置ヲ執ルコトヲ天皇、日本国政府及其ノ後継者ノ為ニ約ス
下名ハ茲ニ日本帝国政府及日本帝国大本営ニ対シ現ニ日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル一切ノ聯合国俘虜及被抑留者ヲ直ニ解放スルコト並ニ其ノ保護、手当、給養及指示セラレタル場所ヘノ即時輪送ノ為ノ措置ヲ執ルコトヲ命ズ
天皇及日本国政府ノ国家統治ノ権限ハ本降伏条項ヲ実施スル為適当ト認ムル措置ヲ執ル聯合国最高司令官ノ制限ノ下ニ置カルルモノトス
千九百四十五年九月二日「アイ、タイム」午前九時四分日本国東京湾上ニ於テ署名ス
大日本帝国天皇陛下及日本国政府ノ命ニ依リ且其ノ名ニ於テ
重光葵
日本帝国大本営ノ命ニ依リ且其ノ名ニ於テ
梅津美治郎
千九百四十五年九月二日「アイ、タイム」午前九時八分日本国東京湾上ニ於テ合衆国、中華民国聯合王国及「ソヴィエト」社会主義共和国聯邦ノ為ニ並ニ日本国ト戦争状態ニ在ル他ノ聯合諸国家ノ利益ノ為ニ受諾ス

聯合国最高司令官
ダグラス、マックアーサー
合衆国代表者
シー、ダブリュー、ニミッツ
中華民国代表者
徐永昌
聯合王国代表者
ブルース、フレーザー
「ソヴィエト」社会主義共和国聯邦代表者
カー、デレヴヤンコ
「オーストラリア」聯邦代表者
ティー、エー、ブレーミー
「カナダ」代表者
エル、ムーア、コスグレーヴ
「フランス」国代表者
ル、クレール
「オランダ」国代表者
セイ、エイ、ヘルフリッチ
「ニュー、ジーランド」代表者
エル、エム、イシット

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Instrument of Surrender

Signed at Tokyo Bay, September 2, 1945

We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States, China and Great Britain on 26 July 1945, at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered to by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers.
We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under Japanese control wherever situated.
We hereby command all Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese people to cease hostilities forthwith, to preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property and to comply with all requirements which may be imposed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of the Japanese Government at his direction.
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters to issue at once orders to the Commanders of all Japanese forces and all forces under Japanese control wherever situated to surrender unconditionally themselves and all forces under their control.
We hereby command all civil, military and naval officials to obey and enforce all proclamations, orders and directives deemed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers to be proper to effectuate this surrender and issued by him or under his authority and we direct all such officials to remain at their posts and to continue to perform their non-combatant duties unless specifically relieved by him or under his authority.
We hereby undertake for the Emperor, the Japanese Government and their successors to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration in good faith, and to issue whatever orders and take whatever action may be required by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or by any other designated representative of the Allied Powers for the purpose of giving effect to that Declaration.
We hereby command the Japanese Imperial Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters at once to liberate all allied prisoners of war and civilian internees now under Japanese control and to provide for their protection, care, maintenance and immediate transportation to places as directed.
The authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers who will take such steps as he deems proper to effectuate these terms of surrender.
Signed at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0904 I on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER 1945.
[Shigemitsu Mamoru]
By Command and in behalf of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Government.
[Umezu Yoshijiro]
By Command and in behalf of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters.
Accepted at TOKYO BAY, JAPAN at 0908 I on the SECOND day of SEPTEMBER, 1945, for the United States, Republic of China, United Kingdom and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and in the interests of the other United Nations at war with Japan.

DOUGLAS MACARTHUR
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.
C. W. NIMITZ
United States Representative
[Hsu Yung-Chang]
Republic of China Representative
BRUCE FRASER
United Kingdom Representative
[Lieutenant-General K. Derevoyanko]
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Representative
T. A. BLAMEY
Commonwealth of Australia Representative
L. MOORE COSGRAVE
Dominion of Canada Representative
LE CLERC
Provisional Government of the French Republic Representative
C. E. L. HELFRICH
Kingdom of the Netherlands Representative
L. M. ISITT
Dominion of New Zealand Represetative